On 15 April, 1668, he declared blessed, Rose of Lima, the first American saint. He ordered his remains to be buried under the pavement of Santa Maria Maggiore, with the simple inscription Clementis IX, Cineres, but his successor, Clement X, erected in his honour the sumptuous monument which stands at the right-hand side of the nave, near the door. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). . New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. "Pope Clement IX." He lived in retirement during the pontificate of Innocent X, who disliked the Barberini and their adherents, but was recalled to office by Alexander VII and by him appointed secretary of state and Cardinal-Priest of the Title of San Sisto (1657). He ordered his remains to be buried under the pavement of Santa Maria Maggiore, with the simple inscription Clementis IX, Cineres, but his successor, Clement X, erected in his honour the sumptuous monument which stands at the right-hand side of the nave, near the He frequently visited the hospitals, and was lavish in his alms to the poor. His successor, Pope Clement X (r. 1670–1676), built him an ornate tomb in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. At the end of October 1669, Clement IX fell ill after receiving news that the Venetian fortress of Candia in Crete had surrendered to the Turks. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerald Rossi. (1908). . By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In an age of nepotism, he did little or nothing to advance or enrich his family. His education entailed learning at the Seminario Romano and then as a Jesuit pupil at the University of Pisa. Somewhat unusually for Popes of the era, Clement IX did not have his name displayed on monuments he built. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. In his aversion to notoriety, he refused to permit his name to be placed on the buildings erected during his reign. Ecclesiastical approbation. On 28 April 1668, he canonized Magdalena de Pazzi and Peter of Alcantara. He also opened the first public opera house in Rome[citation needed], and for the Carnival celebrations of 1668, commissioned Antonio Maria Abbatini of the Sistine Chapel Choir to set to music his free Italian translation of a Spanish religious drama La Baltasara. He was mediator during the 1668 peace of Aachen, in the wars of succession between France, Spain, England and the Netherlands. The production had sets designed by Bernini. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028a.htm. A distinguished man of letters, Giulio Rospigliosi—before his election as Pope Clement—wrote poetry but gained fame through his dramas with religious themes and several libretti, including Il Sant’Alessio, a sacred opera with music by one of the earliest Roman operatic composers, Stefano Landi; and Chi soffre speri (“He Who Suffers, Hopes”), a comic opera with music by Virgilio Mazzocchi and Marco Marazzoli. By strict economy he brought the papal finances into good order, and was able to furnish material aid to Venice for the defence of Crete, then besieged by the Turks. (1880). Pope Clement X → sister projects: Wikidata item., — (GIULIO ROSPIGLIOSI) Born 28 January, 1600, at Pistoja, of an ancient family originally from Lombardy; elected 20 June, 1667; d. at Rome, 9 December, 1669. In his aversion to notoriety, he refused to permit his name to be placed on the buildings erected during his reign.[1]. Source(s): b: The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, 9 Apr 1657; ob/c2+: Sacres Episcopaux a Rome de 1565 a 1662, Page 108, Number 657 He was tactful, generous and moderate in all ways. He later took possession of the Basilica of Saint John Lateran on 3 July 1667. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerald Rossi. He lived in retirement throughout the pontificate of Pope Innocent X who disliked and distanced himself from those associated with his predecessor. 4. He increased the goodwill of his subjects by buying off the monopolist who had secured the "macinato", or privilege of selling grain, and as his predecessor had collected the money for the purpose, Clement IX had the decree published in the name of Alexander VII. hist. King Louis XIV of France instructed the French faction to turn their support to Rospigliosi and believed also that he would appease the Spanish faction of Charles II due to the fact that he had once been the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain. He increased the goodwill of his subjects by buying off the monopolist who had secured the macinato, or privilege of selling grain, and as his predecessor had collected the money for the purpose, Clement had the decree published in the name of Alexander VII. He frequently visited the hospitals, and was lavish in his alms to the poor. Vol. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The new pope was crowned on 26 June 1667 by the protodeacon, Cardinal Rinaldo d'Este. Rospigliosi also served as the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain from 1644 until 1653 when he decided to retire from that post. Giulio was born to the noble Rospigliosi family, the son of Giacomo and Caterina. He embellished the city of Rome with famous works commissioned to Gian Lorenzo Bernini, including the angels of Ponte Sant'Angelo and the colonnade of Saint Peter's Basilica. In an age of nepotism, he did little or nothing to advance or enrich his family. Pope Clement IX Era: 1667-1669 Giulio Rospigliosi was born in 1600 to an aristocratic family in Pistoria. Rospigliosi was an accomplished man of letters who wrote poetry, dramas and libretti, as well as what may be the first comic opera, namely his 1637 libretto Chi soffre, speri. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. He made a brilliant course of studies at the Roman Seminary, and the University of Pisa, where he received the doctorate in his twenty-third year and was made professor of philosophy. Pope Clement IX Giulio Rospigliosi. Loughlin, J. By a mild compromise in the affair of French Jansenism, known as the Clementine Peace, (Pax Clementina), he procured a lull in the storm, which, unfortunately, owing to the insincerity of the sectaries, was but temporary. Pope Clement IX (Latin: Clemens IX; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 20 June 1667 to his death in 1669. Clement is credited with creating comic opera as an individual form, and Chi soffre speri, the first comic opera, premiered in Rome on Feb. 27, 1639. Corrections? Nihil Obstat. Clement IX, original name Giulio Rospigliosi, (born Jan. 27/28, 1600, Pistoia, Tuscany—died Dec. 9, 1669, Rome), pope from 1667 to 1669. Had the European powers listened to his exhortations, that important island would not have been lost to Christendom. FABRONI, Vita Clem. Remy Lafort, Censor. des quest. Clement IX may not have been a very great Pope; but he was a gentle and kindly ruler—never committing harsh or unjust actions. Clement IX named him superintendent of the papal exchequer. [2][3] He was also a patron of Nicolas Poussin, commissioning A Dance to the Music of Time from him and dictating its iconography. On 20 June 1667, he was elected as pontiff and took the pontifical name of "Clement IX". Hence, the Cretan seaport city of Candia (now Iraklion), after a siege of 20 years, fell on Sept. 5, 1669, followed by the submission of the island to Persia. He was popular with the people of Rome, not so much for his erudition and application to business, as for his extreme charity and his affability towards great and small. MLA citation. After receiving his doctorates, he taught theology there as a professor from 1623 to 1625. He was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Tarsus in 1644 and later received episcopal consecration in the Vatican. Clement IX, original name Giulio Rospigliosi, (born Jan. 27/28, 1600, Pistoia, Tuscany—died Dec. 9, 1669, Rome), pope from 1667 to 1669. Transcription. Pope Clement IX by James Francis Loughlin. He studied at the Seminario Romano and later at the University of Pisa as a pupil of the Jesuits, receiving doctorates in theology, philosophy and both canon and civil law in 1623. Wolfgang Witzenmann: Article “Mazzocchi, Virgilio.” In: Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, Notes on 20th-century productions of Rospigliosi's operatic works, Banca dati Giulio Rospigliosi, maintained by Danilo Romei, International Alliance of Catholic Knights, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Clement_IX&oldid=981612874, Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2014, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2016, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura (1632–1636), This page was last edited on 3 October 2020, at 12:01. Clement IX worked to strengthen Venetian defences against the Turks on the island of Crete. Later Rospigliosi worked closely with Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644) where he worked in the diplomatic corps as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He reorganized the Church in Portugal, after that nation had achieved its independence from Spain. Clement IX died in Rome, allegedly of a broken heart, on 9 December 1669. Imprimatur. Rospigliosi served as papal ambassador to Spain from 1644 to 1653 and cardinal and secretary of state under Pope Alexander VII. Two days each week he occupied a confessional in St. Peter's church and heard any one who wished to confess to him. Omissions? He was further troubled, however, by Louis’s principles of Gallicanism, a particularly French ecclesiastical doctrine advocating restriction of papal power. On 28 April, 1669, he solemnly canonized S. Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi and St. Peter of Alcantara. [1] He was also made vicar of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Nothing remarkable occurred under Clement IX's short administration beyond the temporary adjustment of the disputes between the Holy See and those prelates of the Gallican Church who had refused to join in condemning the writings of Jansen. New York: Robert Appleton Company. He died after a pontificate of two years, five months, and nineteen days. Contact information. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Clement’s policy of appeasement materialized in an agreement called the Peace of Clement IX (January 1669), which suspended persecution of the Jansenists.

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