In Rome, Alexander destroyed the power of the Orsini and Colonna families and concluded an alliance with Spain, granting Isabella and Ferdinand the title of Catholic Monarchs. ", "[T]here is every reason to believe," writes the. If anyone in the family was dispatching husbands and rivals, it was probably not Lucrezia. Allen Duston, O.P., and Roberto Zanoli, 2003. [65][66], After a short stay, the body was removed from the crypts of St. Peter's and installed in the less well-known Spanish national church of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli. 1494: How a Family Feud in Medieval Spain Divided the world in Half, Borgia – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre, Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt – Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Real y Grandes de España, tomo cuarto, Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, por Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, Boletín de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, Literature by and about Pope Alexander VI, International Alliance of Catholic Knights, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Alexander_VI&oldid=978571084, 15th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon, Burials at Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2017, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Valencian-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles needing additional references from April 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing more viewpoints from March 2017, Articles with trivia sections from September 2017, Wikipedia articles with style issues from September 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The contemporary politician, political theorist and author, Alexander, Cesare and Lucrezia play key roles in, Alexander VI and his family are the subjects of, Pope Alexander's diplomatic correspondence and intrigues with the Ottoman Turks, as well as, A young Roderic de Borgia during the 1458 Conclave is played by Manu Fullola in the 2006 Canadian movie, The papacy of Alexander VI was dramatized in the 1981, In the 2012 season of the BBC children's series, Weckman-Muñoz, Luis. By a Roman noblewoman, Vannozza Catanei, he had four subsequently legitimized offspring—Juan, Cesare, Jofré, and Lucrezia—whose complicated careers troubled his pontificate. [46] Minnich (2010) asserts that this "slave trade" was permitted to facilitate conversions to Christianity. He elevated at least ten relatives to the College of Cardinals. [Note 15], It has been suggested that, having taken into account the unusual level of decomposition, Alexander VI was accidentally poisoned to death by his son, Cesare, with cantarella (which had been prepared to eliminate Cardinal Adriano), although some commentaries doubt these stories and attribute the Pope's death to malaria, then prevalent in Rome, or to another such pestilence. Alexander's successor on the chair of St. Peter was Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, who assumed the name of Pope Pius III. Most of her villainization comes from her three marriages, all arranged and dissolved in a way that was advantageous to her father. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Alexander VI was not the only Borgia to become pope. Updates? Alexander VI, given name Rodrigo Borgia, Roman Catholic Pope from 1492 until his death, is the most memorable of the corrupt and secular popes of the Renaissance. Alexander VI has become almost a mythical character, and countless legends and traditions are attached to his name. ", "[A]ll the clergy of the city were invited to the opening of the [1500] Jubilee. Ferdinand appealed to Spain for help; but Spain was anxious to be on good terms with the pope to obtain a title over the newly discovered continent of America and could not afford to quarrel with him. Hollingsworth, M. (2014). [2], Media related to Alexander VI at Wikimedia Commons, Peter Linus Anacletus (Cletus) Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleuterus Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Mark, Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus IIILeo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius IJohn III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Boniface IV Adeodatus I, Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene IVitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory IIIZachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Valentine Gregory IV, Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIII Benedict VI, Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IXa Sylvester III Benedict IXa Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IXa Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II Lucius II Eugene III, Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXIb Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XIb Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V, Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII Leo XI Paul V, Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul IIBenedict XVIFrancis, From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Alexander_VI&oldid=6482956, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [38], Alexander instituted a special rite for the closing of a holy door, as well. His family name is written Llançol in Valencian and Lanzol in Castillian. Spain wanted to remain on good terms with the Vatican to stake their claim on the New World through the pope, a gamble that worked in their favor. Pope Alexander stepped into the middle of the New World conflict between Spain and Portugal and decreed that any newly discovered land 100 leagues west of the Portugal-controlled Cape Verde islands would belong to Spain. In the north the pendulum swung back once more and the French reoccupied Milan in April, causing the downfall of the Sforzas, much to Alexander's gratification. From that time on, Alexander was able to build himself an effective power base in the Papal States. The connection began in 1470, and she bore him many children whom he openly acknowledged as his own: Giovanni, afterwards Duke of Gandia (born 1474), Cesare (born 1476), Lucrezia (born 1480), and Goffredo or Giuffre (born 1481 or 1482). This all seemed remarkably convenient for Alexander, so it’s little wonder most people assumed the Pope himself poisoned the cardinal. Girolamo Savonarola, a Dominican friar, led a religious movement in Florence during Alexander’s papacy. On August 10, the cardinals elected Rodrigo, and he took the name Alexander VI. He then marched on Naples to wrest power from his once-allies. This put the Vatican in the middle of a world-making decision. Virginio Orsini, who had been captured by the Spaniards, died a prisoner at Naples, and the pope confiscated his property. [24], Presumed portrait of Lucrezia Borgia by Bartolomeo Veneto. During his pontificate the church was brought to its lowest level of degradation. But Alexander, always ready to seize opportunities to aggrandize his family, then adopted a double policy. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-VI. Of the twenty-seven cardinals alive in the closing months of the reign of Innocent VIII no fewer than ten were Cardinal-nephews, eight were crown nominees, four were Roman nobles and one other had been given the cardinalate in recompense for his family's service to the Holy See; only four were able career churchmen.[11]. Although ecclesiastical corruption was then at its height, his riotous mode of life called down upon him a very severe reprimand from Pope Pius II, who succeeded Calixtus III in 1458.

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